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The Committee for the First Amendment was an action group formed in September 1947 by actors in support of the Hollywood Ten during the hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). It was founded by screenwriter Philip Dunne, actress Myrna Loy, and film directors John Huston and William Wyler. Other members included Lucille Ball, Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall,〔Enid Nemy, ("Lauren Bacall Dies at 89; in a Bygone Hollywood, She Purred Every Word" ) (obituary), ''New York Times'', Aug. 12, 2014.〕 Jules Buck, Dorothy Dandridge, Bette Davis, Melvyn Douglas, Henry Fonda, John Garfield,〔 Judy Garland, Ira Gershwin,〔 June Havoc, Sterling Hayden, Paul Henreid, Katharine Hepburn, Lena Horne, Marsha Hunt, John Huston,〔 Danny Kaye,〔 Gene Kelly,〔 Evelyn Keyes, Burt Lancaster, Groucho Marx, Burgess Meredith, Vincente Minnelli, Edward G. Robinson, Robert Ryan, Frank Sinatra, Kay Thompson, Billy Wilder, and Jane Wyatt.〔 On October 27, 1947, members of the group flew to Washington, D.C. to protest HUAC hearings. Their involvement was ineffective, and membership in this group came to be regarded with suspicion.〔City of nets: a portrait of Hollywood in the 1940s By Otto Friedrich, page 380〕 Ira Gershwin, for one, was called before the California anti-Communist Tenney Committee and asked to explain his participation.〔Gershwin: with a new critical discography By Edward Jablonski, page 350〕 The committee's ''Hollywood Fights Back'' broadcasts on ABC Radio Network were two 30-minute programs that took place October 27 and November 2, 1947, during which committee members voice their opposition to the HUAC hearings. ==Backlash== The group, which was generally was composed of non-communist New Deal liberal Democrats, was hurt when it was subsequently revealed that Sterling Hayden had been a Communist Party member. Humphrey Bogart, who assured that the Committee membership had been vetted and they were no communists among its membership, was incensed by the revelation that Hayden was a communist. There was a great deal of naïveté among Committee members such as Bogart, who did not know that Hollywood 10 members such as Alvah Bessie, John Howard Lawson and Dalton Trumbo were known to be Communist Party members. Lauren Bacall later said that she, Bogart, and other Committee members had been duped by the Communists. "We didn't realize until much later that we were being used to some degree by the Unfriendly 10," she said. The California state legislature, which had its own Un-American Activities Committee, soon branded the Committee as a communist front organization. Ronald Reagan, who was the president of the Screen Actors Guild during the post-World War II Hollywood Red Scare and a dedicated anti-communist as well as a liberal Democrat at the time, claimed that his fellow liberals had been the victims of "one of the most successful operation in (Communists' ) domestic history, terming them "suckers". Gershwin later tesified before the California State Senate's un-American activities subcommittee that he was appalled to have been involved with the group.〔 Bogart, Garfield, and Robinson later wrote articles stating that they were "duped" into supporting the Hollywood Ten (both Garfield and Robinson were later blacklisted). The March 1948 issue of ''Photoplay'' included an article by Bogart, entitled "I'm No Communist".〔("I'm No Communist", ''Photoplay'' (March 1948) )〕 In this article, he claimed that he and other members of the Committee did not realize that some of the Hollywood Ten actually were communists. Bogart, one of the biggest Hollywood stars of his time, was attacked by many liberals and fellow travelers for selling out to save his career〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Committee for the First Amendment」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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